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Termites can distinguish nestmates and non-nestmates through compound communication and gut symbionts: compounds consisting of hydrocarbons discharged from the cuticle permit the recognition of alien termite species.148149 Every colony has its own distinct odour. This odour is due to genetic and environmental factors like the termites' diet and also the composition of these bacteria within the termites' intestines.150.

Termites rely on alert communication to defend a colony.134 Alarm pheromones can be discharged when the nest has been broken or is being assaulted by enemies or potential pathogens. Termites always avoid nestmates infected with Metarhizium anisopliae spores, through vibrational signals released by infected nestmates.151 Other methods of defence include intense jerking and secretion of fluids in the frontal gland and defecating faeces containing alarm pheromones.134152.

In some species, a few soldiers block tunnels to prevent their enemies from entering the nest, and they might intentionally repaint themselves as an act of defence.153 In scenarios where the intrusion is coming out of a breach that is larger than the soldier's head, defence demands a distinctive formations where soldiers shape a phalanx-like formation around the violation and sting at intruders.154 When an invasion completed by Megaponera analis is powerful, an entire colony may be destroyed, even though this scenario is rare.154.

To termites, any breach of the tunnels or nests is a cause for alarm. When termites detect a potential violation, the soldiers normally bang their minds, apparently to attract other troops for defence and to recruit additional employees to repair any breach.56 Additionally, an alarmed termite bumps into other termites which induces them to become alarmed and to leave pheromone trails to the disturbed area, which is also a way to recruit extra workers.56.

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The pantropical subfamily Nasutitermitinae has a specialised caste of soldiers, known as nasutes, that possess the ability to exude noxious liquids through a horn-like frontal projection that they use for defence.155 Nasutes have lost their mandibles throughout the course of evolution and have to be fed by employees.59 A wide variety of monoterpene hydrocarbon solvents have been identified in the fluids that nasutes secrete.156 Similarly, Formosan subterranean termites have been known to secrete naphthalene to protect their nests.157.

Soldiers of the species Globitermes sulphureus commit suicide by autothysis  rupturing a huge gland just beneath the surface of the cuticles. The thick, yellowish fluid in the gland gets quite sticky on contact with the atmosphere, entangling ants or other insects that are trying to invade the nest.158159 Another termite, Neocapriterme taracua, also engages in suicidal defence.

When soldiers guarding nest entrances are attacked by intruders, they engage in autothysis, creating a cube that denies entry to any outsider.161.

Employees use several different approaches to deal with their dead, including burying, cannibalism, and avoiding a corpse entirely.162163164 To prevent pathogens, termites occasionally engage in necrophoresis, in which a nestmate carries a corpse from the colony to eliminate it elsewhere.165 Which strategy is utilized depends on the nature of the corpse a employee is dealing with (i.e.

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A species of fungus is known to mimic termite eggs, successfully avoiding its natural predators. These small brown chunks, known as"termite balls", rarely kill the eggs, and in certain cases the workers tend to these.166 This fungus mimics these eggs by producing a cellulose-digesting enzyme known as glucosidases.167 A unique mimicking behaviour exists between different species of Trichopsenius beetles and certain termite species within Reticulitermes.

This chemical mimicry makes it possible for the beetles to integrate themselves within the termite colonies.168 The developed appendages on the physogastric abdomen of Austrospirachtha mimetes allows the beetle to mimic a termite worker.169.

Several species of ant are known to catch termites to use as a brand new food origin after on, rather than killing them. For example, Formica nigra captures termites, and those who attempt to escape are immediately captured and driven underground.170 Certain species of ants in the subfamily Ponerinae conduct these raids although other ant species move in alone to steal the eggs or nymphs.146 Ants such as Megaponera analis attack the outside of mounds and Dorylinae ants useful link attack underground.146171 Despite this, some termites and ants can coexist peacefully.

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54 species of ants are known to inhabit Nasutitermes mounds, both inhabited and abandoned ones.174 One reason many ants live in Nasutitermes mounds is a result of the termites' frequent occurrence in their geographic range; another would be to protect themselves from flooding.174175 Iridomyrmex also learn this here now inhabits termite mounds although no evidence for any kind of relationship (other than the usual predatory one) is known.116 In rare situations, certain species of termites live inside busy ant colonies.176 Some invertebrate organisms such as beetles, caterpillars, flies and millipedes are termitophiles and dwell inside termite colonies (they are unable to survive independently).56 As a consequence, certain beetles and flies have evolved with their hosts.